Dr. Gao’s research is focused on biomechanics of musculoskeletal soft tissues, including skeletal muscles, ligaments and tendons. Mechanical theories can be applied to soft tissues to evaluate the structure function relationship because they have similar ultrastructures to engineering materials, such as polymers. However, different than engineering materials, internal structure of these biological tissues can be changed in response to an altered biological and/or mechanical environment.  Dr. Gao is interested in determining: (1) the structure function relationship of the tissues; (2) the molecular, structural and functional changes induced by diseases, injuries and aging; (3) the underlying mechanisms of these changes; (4) the effect of external mechanical loading on the these adaptive changes. The multidisciplinary work involves techniques and knowledge in biomechanics, biochemistry and cell biology.

Dr. Gao’s research group also focuses on biomechanics of the shoulder joint. The shoulder joint or glenohumeral joint, is the most anatomically and mechanically complicated joint in human body. It is characterized by a large range of motion and high instability. Dr. Gao is currently interested in determining important surgical, anatomical and implant design factors that affect the performance of total shoulder implants. The work involves both computational and experimental approaches.

Current Projects

• Analysis of glenoid loosening of total shoulder implant
• Rotator cuff muscle response to rotator cuff tears
• The role of extracellular matrix (ECM) on active and passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle
• Lateral transmission of force in skeletal muscle
• ACL injury